Virginia Rail

Here the details of the Virginia Rail named bird below:

SCI Name:  Rallus limicola
Protonym:  Rallus limicola Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 28 p.558
Taxonomy:  Gruiformes / Rallidae / Rallus
Taxonomy Code:  virrai
Type Locality:  United States = Pennsylvania, ex Edwards, pi. 279.
Author:  Vieillot
Publish Year:  1819
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

RALLUS
(Rallidae; Ϯ Water Rail R. aquaticus) Probably from Med. French Rasle or Râle  rail (supported by Sundevall 1873: "Nomen Rallus, primum Rasle, Bélon, dein Râle, est vox gallica medii ævi, nec latina, sed usu diuturno probata",  and BOU 1915: “the latinized form of the French Rale, our Rail, Dutch Ral”), but Gessner 1555 states, "Rallus hæc avis circa Venetias appellatur", and Macleod 1954, has “Latinized form of German ralle, rail (bird)”; "83. RALLUS.  Rostrum basi crassius, compressum, dorso attenuatum apicem versus, æquale, acutum.  Pedes tetradactyli, fissi.  Corpus compressum." (Linnaeus 1758); ex “Rallus aquaticus” of Willughby 1676, and “Water Rail. Rallus Aquaticus” of Albin 1731; "Rallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequent designation, Rallus aquaticus Linné. (Fleming, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, 1821, p. 176.)" (Peters 1934, II, 157). Linnaeus's Rallus comprised five species (R. Crex, R. aquaticus, R. lariformis, R. benghalensis, R. carolinus).
Var. Railus, Ralus, Rallas, Rullus, Ballus.
Synon. Biensis, Epirallus.

limicola
L. limicola  mud-dweller  < limus, limi  mud; -cola -dweller  < colere  to inhabit.
● ex “American Water-Rail” of Edwards 1760 (Rallus).

Limicola
(syn. Calidris Ϯ Broad-billed Sandpiper C. falcinellus) L. limicola mud-dweller  < limus, limi  mud; -cola  dweller  < colere  to inhabit; "LXXVII. Gattung. Sumpfläufer.  Limicola. (Tab. IX. A. Fig. 74.)  Schnabel: Vom Grunde aus gerade, vor der Spitze aber stark abwärts gekrümmt, an der Wurzel hoch, übrigens von oben und unten flachgedrückt; die Mundkanten hervorstehend, und die Seitenlängefurchen bis zur Spitze gehend; die Spitze glatt, im Tode nicht runzlich.  Nasenlöcher: Klein, durchsichtig, etwas länger als ihre Entfernung vom Schnabelgrunde, länglich oval, und rückwärts etwas aufwärts liegend.  Zunge: — —  Der Sumpfläufer hat ganz die äußere Gestalt der Vögel der Gattung Gallinago, mit dem einzigen Unterschied, daß die Augen mehr an der Mitte des Kopfs stehen. Auch die Füße sind ganz wie bei diesen beschaffen.  Eine Art.  197. Kleiner Sumpfläufer. Limicola pygmaea." (Koch 1816); "Limicola Koch, Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, p. 316. Type, by monotypy, Numenius pygmaeus Bechstein (not of Latham) = Scolopax falcinellus Pontoppidan." (Peters 1934, II, 287).   Var. Limnicola.

SUBSPECIES

Virginia Rail (Virginia)
SCI Name: Rallus limicola limicola/friedmanni
RALLUS
(Rallidae; Ϯ Water Rail R. aquaticus) Probably from Med. French Rasle or Râle  rail (supported by Sundevall 1873: "Nomen Rallus, primum Rasle, Bélon, dein Râle, est vox gallica medii ævi, nec latina, sed usu diuturno probata",  and BOU 1915: “the latinized form of the French Rale, our Rail, Dutch Ral”), but Gessner 1555 states, "Rallus hæc avis circa Venetias appellatur", and Macleod 1954, has “Latinized form of German ralle, rail (bird)”; "83. RALLUS.  Rostrum basi crassius, compressum, dorso attenuatum apicem versus, æquale, acutum.  Pedes tetradactyli, fissi.  Corpus compressum." (Linnaeus 1758); ex “Rallus aquaticus” of Willughby 1676, and “Water Rail. Rallus Aquaticus” of Albin 1731; "Rallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequent designation, Rallus aquaticus Linné. (Fleming, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, 1821, p. 176.)" (Peters 1934, II, 157). Linnaeus's Rallus comprised five species (R. Crex, R. aquaticus, R. lariformis, R. benghalensis, R. carolinus).
Var. Railus, Ralus, Rallas, Rullus, Ballus.
Synon. Biensis, Epirallus.

Virginia Rail (Ecuadorian)
SCI Name: Rallus limicola aequatorialis
aequatoriale / aequatorialis
Late L. aequatorialis  equatorial  < aequator  equator  < L. aequare  to make equal  < aequus  equal. Frequently given to species with a distribution in the equatorial latitudes of Africa (e.g. subsp. Jynx ruficollis, Sheppardia), but more commonly applied to birds from Ecuador (Spanish ecuador  equator) (e.g. Momotus, Thamnistes, Xiphorhynchus).
● Erroneous TL. Guayaquil (= Panama City) (subsp. Dendroica petechia).
● Erroneous TL. Guayaquil (= interior of Ecuador) (subsp. Falco sparverius).
● Erroneous TL. Ecuador (= Bahia, Brazil) (syn. Heliothryx aurita auriculata).
● Erroneous TL. Bogotá (= San Lucas, Ecuador) (subsp. Rallus limicola).