Solitary Black Cacique
Solitary Black Cacique
Here the details of the Solitary Black Cacique named bird below:
SCI Name:
Protonym: Cassicus solitarius Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 5 p.364
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Icteridae / Cacicus
Taxonomy Code: sobcac1
Type Locality: Paraguay.
Author: Vieillot
Publish Year: 1816
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
CACICUS
(Icteridae; Ϯ Red-rumped Cacique C. haemorrhous) Spanish name “Cacique” for the caciques < Carib name cazique for a brightly feathered chieftain (“Cassique Rouge ... "Les Guianois l'appellent CASSIQUE" (Brisson 1760)); "CASSICUS Cuv. ... Oriolus Galbula Coraciis annumerandus est, at Linnaei quidem characteres Orioli potius Icteris Brissonii, quam illi Galbulae convenire videntur, hinc nomen retinui. Cassicus a maxillae basi, cassidis seu galeae instar frontem tegente, vocatus est, hinc Cacicus falso scribitur" (Illiger 1811); “Ce nom s’écrit indifférement cassicus, du latin casque, ou cacicus, du nom péruvien cacique” (Lesson 1831); "33. CACIQUE. Cacicus. {Le bec à pointe acérée, à base arrondie, très-gros, très-long, et formant une échancrure arrondie dans les plumes du front." (de Lacépède 1799); "CACIQUE, Cacicus. ... Les oiseaux qui composent ce genre, ont été confondus par la plupart des Ornithologistes avec les Troupiales, auxquels ils ressemblent en effet beaucoup par la forme, par les mœurs et par la manière de vivre. Ils vont en bandes nombreuses dévaster les champs ensemencés, et ils sont aussi de grands dégâts sur les arbres fruitiers, parce quils se nourrissent de fruit et de baies; ils ne dédaignent même pas certains insectes" (de Lacépède in Daudin 1800: ex "Cassique jaune" of Brisson 1760, and "Troupiale" or "Cassique jaune du Brésil" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781); "Cacicus Lacépède, 1799, Tabl. Méth. Mamm. Ois., p. 6. Type, by subsequent designation (Zimmer, 1930, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 17, p. 434), Oriolus haemorrhous Linnaeus." (Blake in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 144).
Var. Caxicus, Cassicus.
Synon. Archiplanus, Clypicterus, Japus, Ocyalus, Procacicus.
cacicus
Spanish name “Cacique” for the caciques.
solitaria / solitaris / solitarius
L. solitarius solitary < solus, solius alone.
● According to Fraser in P. Sclater 1859a, the Solitary Shrike Tyrant was called “el Solitario” by the Spanish settlers of Ecuador (Agriornis).
● ex “Coucou Solitaire” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 206 (Cuculus).
● ex “Green-headed Bunting” of Latham 1785 (syn. Emberiza hortulana).
● “Solitary Sparrow ... It is wont to sit alone on the tops of ancient Edifices and Roofs of Churches, singing most sweetly, especially in the Morning, whence it took its name” (Ray 1678); "95. TURDUS. ... solitarius. 14. T. cæruleus, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, abdomine lineolis cinereis undulato. Passer solitarius. Willugb. orn. 191. Raj. av. 66. Edw. av. 18. t. 18. Olin. av. 14. Act. Ups. 1750. p. 21. Habitat in Oriente. Mas cæruleus; Femina cinerea, subtus lineolis albis & cinereis undulata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Monticola).
● (Statius Müller 1776) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Passera solitaria” of Olina 1622, “Solitary Sparrow” of Willughby 1676, “Passer solitarius” of Ray 1713, “Merula solitaria” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius).
● ex “Suirirí chorreado todo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 196 (Myiodynastes).
● ex “Solitaire” of Leguat 1708, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Dodo” of Latham 1785: “not met with in flocks, scarcely more than two being found together” (‡Pezophaps).
● ex “Solitary Parrot” of Latham 1787 (Phigys).
● ex “Japú negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 58 (Procacicus).
● ex “Oiseau Solitaire” of Carré 1669, and “Solitaire” of Dubois 1674 (this bird was formerly thought to be a species of dodo Raphus) (‡Threskiornis).
● ex “Ynambú Mocoicogoé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 332 (Tinamus).
● "This new species inhabits the watery solitudes of our highest mountains during the summer, from Kentucky to New York" (A. Wilson 1813) (Tringa).
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)